Aiuto:AFI/Ebraich

This is the pronunciation key for IPA transcriptions of Ebraich on Wikipedia.

It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Ebraich in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them. Integrity must be maintained between the key and the transcriptions that link here; do not change any symbol or value without establishing consensus on the talk page first.

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H:IPA-HE

The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Modern and Biblical Hebrew language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see {{IPA-he}}, {{IPAc-he}} and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

Since Modern Hebrew has both non-Oriental and Oriental pronunciations in Israel, certain letters may be transcribed differently depending on the background of the speaker. See Modern Hebrew phonology for a more thorough look at the sounds of Hebrew.

Consonants
BH	MH	Letter(s)	Romanization	English approximation
b		Template:Script/Hebrew (Beť dǝgušah)	b	bet
d		Template:Script/Hebrew (Daleť dǝgušah)	d	dark
ð	d	Template:Script/Hebrew (Ďaleť rafah)	ď, dh, d	BH: this MH: dark
f		Template:Script/Hebrew (Fei rafah)	f or p̄	fool
ɡ		Template:Script/Hebrew (Gimel dǝgušah)	g	go
ɣ	ɡ	Template:Script/Hebrew (Ǧimel rafah)	ǧ, gh, g	BH: Spanish fuego MH: go
h		Template:Script/Hebrew (Hei)	h	hen
ħ^[1]	χ	Template:Script/Hebrew (Ḥeť)	ḥ or ch	BH: hen but pharyngeal MH: Scottish loch
j		Template:Script/Hebrew (Yoď)	y	yes
k		Template:Script/Hebrew (Kaf dǝgušah)	k	skin
l		Template:Script/Hebrew (Lameď)	l	left
m		Template:Script/Hebrew (Mem)	m	man
n		Template:Script/Hebrew (Nun)	n	no
p		Template:Script/Hebrew (Pei dǝgušah)	p	spin
q^[1]	k	Template:Script/Hebrew (Qof)	q or k	BH: cup, but uvular. MH: skin.
r^[2]	ʁ	Template:Script/Hebrew (Resh)	r	BH: trilled or tapped run. MH: French rouge
s		Template:Script/Hebrew (Samekh) Template:Script/Hebrew (Sin smalit)	s	see
sˤ	ts^[3]	Template:Script/Hebrew (Ṣadi)	ṣ, ts (or tz)	cats
ʃ		Template:Script/Hebrew (Šin Yemanit)	š or sh	she
t		Template:Script/Hebrew (Taw)	t	sting
tˤ	t	Template:Script/Hebrew (Ṭeť)	ṭ, t	sting
θ	t	Template:Script/Hebrew (Ťaw)	ť, th, t	thing
v		Template:Script/Hebrew (Veť rafah)	v	voice
w	v	Template:Script/Hebrew (Vav)	v	BH: would MH: vote
x	χ	Template:Script/Hebrew (Ǩaf rafah)	ǩ or ch/kh	Scottish loch
z		Template:Script/Hebrew (Zayin)	z	zoo
ʕ^[1]	ʔ	Template:Script/Hebrew (Ayin)	ʿ or '	BH: No equivalent; Arabic 'ayn (ع) MH: uh-(ʔ)oh
ʔ		Template:Script/Hebrew (Alef)	ʾ or '	uh-(ʔ)oh

Marginal sounds (used in transliteration and loan words)
IPA	Letter(s)	Romanisation	English
dʒ^[3]	Template:Script/Hebrew (Gimel with geresh)	ǧ or j	joy
ŋ	Template:Script/Hebrew (Nun-Gimel)	ng	ring
ʒ	Template:Script/Hebrew (Zayin with geresh)	ž	beige
tʃ^[3]	Template:Script/Hebrew (Ṣadi with geresh)	č or ch	chair
θ^[4]	Template:Script/Hebrew (Tav with geresh)	th	thing
ð^[4]	Template:Script/Hebrew (Dalet with geresh)	th	the
w^[5]	Template:Script/Hebrew (double Vav)	w	we
ɣ^[6]	Template:Script/Hebrew (Ayin with geresh)	gh

Vowels
BH	MH	Letter(s)	Romanization	English approximation
a		(Patach)	a	father
e		(Zeire)	e	Scottish bay
ɛ	e	(Segol)	ɛ, e	BH: bed MH: Scottish bay
ə	e	(Shva)	ǝ, e	BH: comma
i		Template:Script/Hebrew(Hiriq-Yud), (Hiriq)	i	see
o		(Holam alone), Template:Script/Hebrew (with any mater lectionis)	o	story
ɔ	o	(Kamatz katan)	ɔ, o	BH: off MH: story
ɔ	a	(Kamatz)	ɔ, a	father
u		Template:Script/Hebrew (Vav with shuruk), (Kubutz)	u	boot

Diphthongs
IPA	Letter(s)	Romanization	English approximation
ei	Template:Script/Hebrew (Segol-Yud), (Zeire)	ei	day
ai	Template:Script/Hebrew (Patach-Yud), Template:Script/Hebrew (Kamatz-Yud)	ai	why
oi	Template:Script/Hebrew (Vav with holam male-Yud)	oi	boy
ui	Template:Script/Hebrew (Vav with shuruq-Yud)	ui	two years
ao (rare)	Template:Script/Hebrew (Alef-Vav)	ao	cow
ju (rare)	Template:Script/Hebrew (Yud-Vav with shuruk)	yu	cute
ij (rare)	Template:Script/Hebrew(Hiriq-Yud with Shva Nach) i.e. "Template:Script/Hebrew" [nijˈlen]	iy	like see

Other symbols
IPA	Explanation
ˈ	Primary stress (placed before the stressed syllable): Template:Script/Hebrew ('food') /ˈʔoχel/, Template:Script/Hebrew ('eating' [participle]) /ʔoˈχel/
ˌ	Secondary stress, e.g. Template:Script/Hebrew ('oh, really?') /ˌhaʔumˈnam/
ː	Long vowels (in Tiberian Hebrew) can be transcribed using the IPA gemination sign ː: the word for "hand" would be Template:Script/Hebrew /jaːd/ in absolute state and Template:Script/Hebrew /jad/ in construct state.^[7] Indicating normative consonant gemination uses a double consonant: Template:Script/Hebrew ('a thief') /ɡanˈnav/ not /ɡaˈnːav/

Notes

↑ ^1,0 ^1,1 ^1,2 In Modern Israeli Hebrew, /ħ, ʕ, q/ have merged with /χ, ʔ, k/ respectively, but /ħ, ʕ/ are still distinguished by Oriental Hebrew speakers.
↑ The sound is uvular for most speakers, but a few speakers, mostly Sefardim and some news broadcasters, retain an alveolar pronunciation: Template:IPAblink~Template:IPAblink.
↑ ^3,0 ^3,1 ^3,2 /dʒ, ts, tʃ/ are officially written with a tie-bar in the IPA /d͡ʒ, t͡s, t͡ʃ/ respectively, but the tie-bar is here omitted for simplicity.
↑ ^4,0 ^4,1 Sometimes confused by speakers who don't hear a distinction between [ð] and [θ].
↑ In Modern Israeli Hebrew, /w/ appears in a few words, mostly loanwords: וואו (wow) /waw/. In some words that originally had /w/, it is approximated to Template:IPAblink.
↑ In Modern Israeli Hebrew, /ɣ/ appears in a transliteration from Arabic, like: ע'ין (Ghayn) /ɣain/.
↑ Vowel length and quality in Tiberian Hebrew is a matter of debate, and that is just one possible example.

[phar-1] 1,0 ^1,1 ^1,2 In Modern Israeli Hebrew, /ħ, ʕ, q/ have merged with /χ, ʔ, k/ respectively, but /ħ, ʕ/ are still distinguished by Oriental Hebrew speakers.

[Rhotic-2] The sound is uvular for most speakers, but a few speakers, mostly Sefardim and some news broadcasters, retain an alveolar pronunciation: Template:IPAblink~Template:IPAblink.

[tie-bar-3] 3,0 ^3,1 ^3,2 /dʒ, ts, tʃ/ are officially written with a tie-bar in the IPA /d͡ʒ, t͡s, t͡ʃ/ respectively, but the tie-bar is here omitted for simplicity.

[:0-4] 4,0 ^4,1 Sometimes confused by speakers who don't hear a distinction between [ð] and [θ].

[5] In Modern Israeli Hebrew, /w/ appears in a few words, mostly loanwords: וואו (wow) /waw/. In some words that originally had /w/, it is approximated to Template:IPAblink.

[6] In Modern Israeli Hebrew, /ɣ/ appears in a transliteration from Arabic, like: ע'ין (Ghayn) /ɣain/.

[7] Vowel length and quality in Tiberian Hebrew is a matter of debate, and that is just one possible example.

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