Aiuto:AFI/Turch

This is the pronunciation key for IPA transcriptions of Turch on Wikipedia.

It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Turch in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them. Integrity must be maintained between the key and the transcriptions that link here; do not change any symbol or value without establishing consensus on the talk page first.

Per na ntroduzion sun co liejer i simboi AFI, cëla Help:IPA. Per la desfrënzia danter [ ], / / y ⟨ ⟩, cëla IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.

Scurteda

H:IPA-TR

The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Turkish language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see {{IPA-tr}} and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

For a more in-depth coverage of the sounds of Turkish, see Turkish phonology.

Consonants
IPA	Example	English approximation
b	bebek	about
β	vücut^[1]	like vase, but with both lips
c	şekil^[2]	skew
d	madde	ado
dʒ	ocak	jump
f	far	food
ɡ	gam^[2]	ago
ɟ	gerçek^[2]	argue
h	anahtar	home
j	hayat, eğri^[3]	yes
k	kabak^[2]	core
l	bilinç^[4]	late
ɫ	kulak^[2]	tail
m	cuma	much
n	nesne	not
ɲ	engin^[5]	canyon
ŋ	yangın^[6]	wing
p	pazar	pan
ɾ	anahtarlar	AmE atom
s	sinek	send
ʃ	kişi	shoe
t	Türkçe	table
tʃ	çivi	change
v	çivi^[1]	vase
z	pazar	zone
ʒ	jilet	leisure

Vowels
IPA	Example	English approximation
a	kabak	father
æ	erkek^[7]	cat
e	erkek	bed
i	çivi	creek
o	tokmak	story
œ	özgürlük	somewhat like bird
u	ruh	soup
ɯ	kış	somewhat like roses
y	Türkçe	somewhat like cue

Suprasegmentals
IPA	Examples
ˈ	torbalı [toɾbaˈɫɯ] 'with bag' Torbalı [ˈtoɾbaɫɯ] (a place name)^[8]
ː	â, î, û,^[9] ğ^[3]	oğlan Template:Audio-IPA 'boy'

Notes

↑ ^1,0 ^1,1 /v/ surfaces as Template:IPAblink when either preceded or followed by a rounded vowel (but not when intervocalic).
↑ ^2,0 ^2,1 ^2,2 ^2,3 ^2,4 [c~k], [ɟ~ɡ], and [l~ɫ] contrast only in loanwords before Template:Angbr vs. Template:Angbr. In native words, [c, ɟ, l] occur before front vowels ([æ, e, i, œ, y]) and [k, ɡ, ɫ] occur before back vowels ([a, o, u, ɯ]); word-finally or preconsonantally, [c, ɟ, l] occur after front vowels and [k, ɡ, ɫ] occur after back vowels.
↑ ^3,0 ^3,1
In Turkish, the letter Template:Angbr (also called yumuşak g, 'soft g') indicates a number of different sounds, depending on context:
- in syllable-initial positions, is silent and indicates a syllable break, for example: ağır ('heavy') [aˈɯɾ], ağa ('Agha') [aˈa].
- in other positions, indicates the lengthening of the preceding vowel, for example: dağ ('mountain') [daː], doğru ('true') [doːɾu].
  - if the lengthened vowel is /e/, it sounds like [j], for example: eğlence ('fun') [ejlænˈdʒe]
- in proper names where it may appear following a consonant, it is treated as a Template:Angbr, for example: Olğun [oɫˈɡun]
↑ [l] is more accurately described as palatalized postalveolar Template:IPAblink, but it is conventionally transcribed with ⟨l⟩.
↑ Template:IPAblink appears as an allophone of /n/ before the consonants Template:IPAblink and Template:IPAblink.
↑ Template:IPAblink appears as an allophone of /n/ before the consonants Template:IPAblink and Template:IPAblink.
↑ Allophone of /e/ before sonorants [l, m, n, ɾ] in the same syllable, and in the suffix -mez.
↑ In Turkish proper, proper nouns are typically stressed on one of the last three syllables, and other words (excepting some words, certain unstressed suffixes and stressed verb tenses) are stressed on the last syllable (see Turkish phonology § Word-accent).
↑ Düzeltme işareti (Turkish for "correction mark") Template:Angbr is a sign which indicates both the vowel length and indicates if the letter Template:Angbr represents Template:IPAblink, the letter Template:Angbr represents Template:IPAblink or the letter Template:Angbr represents Template:IPAblink before back vowels Template:IPAblink and Template:IPAblink.
Yet the düzeltme işareti is used primarily to indicate palatalization, instead of length. For example, the word katil means "murder" when it is pronounced as [kaˈtil], but it means "killer" when it is pronounced as [kaːˈtil]. The letter Template:Angbr is left unmarked even if it is long because the sound /k/ does not become /c/ in this case.
Template:Angbr is an exception, as it indicates only the vowel length.

[v-1] 1,0 ^1,1 /v/ surfaces as Template:IPAblink when either preceded or followed by a rounded vowel (but not when intervocalic).

[velar-2] 2,0 ^2,1 ^2,2 ^2,3 ^2,4 [c~k], [ɟ~ɡ], and [l~ɫ] contrast only in loanwords before Template:Angbr vs. Template:Angbr. In native words, [c, ɟ, l] occur before front vowels ([æ, e, i, œ, y]) and [k, ɡ, ɫ] occur before back vowels ([a, o, u, ɯ]); word-finally or preconsonantally, [c, ɟ, l] occur after front vowels and [k, ɡ, ɫ] occur after back vowels.

[soft_g-3] 3,0 ^3,1 In Turkish, the letter Template:Angbr (also called yumuşak g, 'soft g') indicates a number of different sounds, depending on context:
in syllable-initial positions, is silent and indicates a syllable break, for example: ağır ('heavy') [aˈɯɾ], ağa ('Agha') [aˈa].

in other positions, indicates the lengthening of the preceding vowel, for example: dağ ('mountain') [daː], doğru ('true') [doːɾu].
if the lengthened vowel is /e/, it sounds like [j], for example: eğlence ('fun') [ejlænˈdʒe]

in proper names where it may appear following a consonant, it is treated as a Template:Angbr, for example: Olğun [oɫˈɡun]

[4] syllable-initial positions, is silent and indicates a syllable break, for example: ağır ('heavy') [aˈɯɾ], ağa ('Agha') [aˈa].

[5] ther positions, indicates the lengthening of the preceding vowel, for example: dağ ('mountain') [daː], doğru ('true') [doːɾu].
if the lengthened vowel is /e/, it sounds like [j], for example: eğlence ('fun') [ejlænˈdʒe]

[6] the lengthened vowel is /e/, it sounds like [j], for example: eğlence ('fun') [ejlænˈdʒe]

[7] roper names where it may appear following a consonant, it is treated as a Template:Angbr, for example: Olğun [oɫˈɡun]

[4] [l] is more accurately described as palatalized postalveolar Template:IPAblink, but it is conventionally transcribed with ⟨l⟩.

[ny-5] Template:IPAblink appears as an allophone of /n/ before the consonants Template:IPAblink and Template:IPAblink.

[ng-6] Template:IPAblink appears as an allophone of /n/ before the consonants Template:IPAblink and Template:IPAblink.

[7] Allophone of /e/ before sonorants [l, m, n, ɾ] in the same syllable, and in the suffix -mez.

[8] In Turkish proper, proper nouns are typically stressed on one of the last three syllables, and other words (excepting some words, certain unstressed suffixes and stressed verb tenses) are stressed on the last syllable (see Turkish phonology § Word-accent).

[sapka-9] Düzeltme işareti (Turkish for "correction mark") Template:Angbr is a sign which indicates both the vowel length and indicates if the letter Template:Angbr represents Template:IPAblink, the letter Template:Angbr represents Template:IPAblink or the letter Template:Angbr represents Template:IPAblink before back vowels Template:IPAblink and Template:IPAblink.
Yet the düzeltme işareti is used primarily to indicate palatalization, instead of length. For example, the word katil means "murder" when it is pronounced as [kaˈtil], but it means "killer" when it is pronounced as [kaːˈtil]. The letter Template:Angbr is left unmarked even if it is long because the sound /k/ does not become /c/ in this case.
Template:Angbr is an exception, as it indicates only the vowel length.

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