Aiuto:AFI/Vietnamesc

The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Vietnamese language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see {{IPA-vi}} and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

There are two major standards: one of Hanoi and one of Ho Chi Minh City. Each makes distinctions that the other does not; neither standard is preferred over the other at Wikipedia. The central dialects, which make the distinctions of both, are generally represented in articles here, except if a local pronunciation is clearly more relevant.

See Vietnamese phonology for a more thorough look at the sounds of Vietnamese.

Initial consonants H C S Examples English approximation ʔ anh (unwritten, occurs before initial vowels) uh-oh; informal British button ɓ ba bee with a gulp ɗ đi day with a gulp f phở fight, photo ɣ ga; ghế spanuel: amigo h hàng high k cô, kem scan, kid kʷ w quanh quick (Northern dialect) wow (Southern dialect) x kʰ khô loch (Northern dialect) cat (Southern dialect) l là low m mai my n nam no ɲ nhà canyon spanuel: señorita, franzëus: oignon ŋ ngâm; nghe singer p pin sport s s xa so ʂ sáu show, but with tongue curled t tây stop tʰ thầy top, get him t͡ɕ ~ c t͡ɕ ~ c chè change ʈ ~ ʈ͡ʂ tra trend, but with tongue curled v j về victory z/ ʑ/ ʝ j già, giết yes z da, danh zero r ra, rồi similar to red; variably pronounced as a fricative, flap or trill Medial glide ʷ oanh; quốc; Nguyễn, tuy quick Final consonants j cái, tay, tui boy m thêm pom n ŋ ban pin ŋ trứng long n n mìn, bên (after i, ê) hen ŋ̟ bình onion (various pronunciations) n ŋm bốn, bún (after u, ô) pen ŋm chúng (after u, ô, o) like long, but with an 'm' after the 'ng' p̚ tiếp clasp, but the p almost-pronounced (lip closed) t k xuất pit k ác pick t t chít (after i, ê) hit k̟ cách technical (various pronunciations) t kp một (after u, ô) cut kp học (after u, ô, o) backpack w tao, triệu,đau how

Monophthongs IPA Examples English approximation a ăn, may; cau RP cut a: ba, mai, cao father (Australian English) e về, cây day, said (monophthongal) ɛ: xe set ə ân balance əː bơ RP hurt i khi; tuy seat ɨ or ɯ tư similar to glasses; Russian ты o cô, sâu bowl (monophthongal) ɔː có, xoong off u ru, tui rule, too Diphthongs iə viên, bia beer, but without curling tongue for the 'r' ɨə xương, chưa near uə uống, mua influence Tones IPA Vietnamese name Diacritical mark Examples Hanoi Saigon ā ə̄ thanh ngang no mark a [˧] [˧] à ə̀ thanh huyền grave accent à [˨˩] [˨˩] ǎ ə̌ thanh sắc acute accent á, ấc [˧˥] [˧˥] â ə̂ thanh hỏi hook above ả [˧˩] [˧˩˧] ǎˀ ə̌ˀ thanh ngã tilde ã [˧ˀ˥] [˧˩˧] âˀ ə̂ˀ thanh nặng dot below ạ, ậc [˧ˀ˩] [˨˧]